Digital and intelligent transformation is the key direction for China's transportation sector during the period of the 15th Five-Year Plan. To address the challenges of insufficient digital technology application, unclear system functional positioning, and unclear technical path in traffic safety management and control for highway reconstruction and expansion projects, this paper focused on small-scale, micro-scenarios, examining the functional architecture, technical path, and typical case studies of a digitally driven highway reconstruction and expansion traffic safety management and control system. Based on risk management and systems engineering theory, this paper analyzed five key characteristics of traffic safety in highway reconstruction and expansion projects. Based on the needs of typical business scenarios, a process-oriented structured analysis approach was employed to propose a functional architecture for a digital highway reconstruction and expansion traffic safety management and control system, and a technical path for digital highway reconstruction and expansion traffic safety management and control adapted to these scenarios and functions was constructed. Using a case study approach, this paper explored the current application of digital technology in highway reconstruction and expansion traffic safety management and control, as well as areas for optimization and improvement. The results indicate that a digitally driven highway reconstruction and expansion traffic safety management and control system should possess five key functions: data acquisition and processing, real-time traffic safety status diagnosis, traffic safety risk status prediction, decision-making and control, and data description and refined display. Currently, the functional completeness of digital highway reconstruction and expansion systems in China is approximately 80%. Traffic safety status diagnosis and traffic safety risk prediction are key areas for future optimization and improvement of highway reconstruction and expansion traffic safety management and control systems. The research results can provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the application of digital technology in traffic safety assurance in highway reconstruction and expansion, and help the digital transformation and upgrading of highway transportation infrastructure.